The relationship between pre-hospital factors and Glasgow outcome scale in head injured patients with Glasgow coma scale 9-13 in public hospital Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang

Traumatic head injury is one of the main health problems and socio-economic problems causing death and disability in adults and children in the world. The incidence of head injuries worldwide is increasing, mainly due to increased use of motorized vehicles, especially in middle- and low-income countries. The better head injury outcome is achieved when worsening secondary factors which result in a reduction in cerebral perfusion to the injured brain can be prevented or respond to therapy. To analyze the relationship between the independent variables of pre-hospital factors, i.e. age, initial GCS upon arrival at the ER, hypoxia, and systolic blood pressure, and the dependent variable of trauma outcome 3 months after the event assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). An analytical observational study with a cohort study approach is employed to analyze the relationship between pre-hospital risk factors, i.e. age, initial GCS upon arrival at ER, hypoxia, and systolic blood pressure and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 3 months after the event. Of the 36 patients, the relationships between the age variable and the GOS and between the blood pressure variable and the GOS showed p-values of 0.253 and 0.131 greater than α 5%. Thus, it can be concluded that the aforementioned two relationships were not significant. Difference test on the group with satisfactory GOS outcome and the group with unsatisfactory GOS outcome was conducted to examine the relationship between the oxygen saturation variable and the GCS. Significance values of 0.374 and 0.093 were greater than α> 0.050. Thus, it can be concluded that the differences were not significant. There was no significant relationship between patients’ age, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and the initial GCS and the outcome of head injured patients with GCS 9-13