Pleural cerebrospinal fluid shunting causing trapped lung: A respiratory physician's approach to management and prevention

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting into the pleural space can cause complications such as long-standing pleural effusions and trapped lung. These complications can be difficult to manage due to the propensity of effusions to recur, and the irreversible nature of trapped lung. This report describes the case of a woman with a pleural CSF shunt who developed chronic pleural effusions and trapped lung over two years, following a 24-year period without any respiratory shunt complications. Management options for this patient included thoracentesis, lung decortication, insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter, and shunt revision. Advocating for pleural shunt revision when symptomatic or increasingly large pleural effusions occur may prevent the development of trapped lung. Keywords: Case reports, Pleural effusion, Thoracentesis, Cerebrospinal fluid shunts, Trapped lung, Decorticatio