The fructose–copper connection: Added sugars induce fatty liver and insulin resistance via copper deficiency

Background: Evidence suggests that the overconsumption of added sugars can induce fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Aim: To propose a hypothesis that added sugars induce copper deficiency which can lead to hepatic iron overload, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and eventually non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Setting: On average, the intake of added sugars in humans is higher than levels that have been found to impair copper status in animals. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Fructose-induced copper deficiency may be a leading cause of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Conclusion: The reduction in the intake of added sugars may improve copper status and reduce the risk of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance