Immune suppression of food allergy by maternal IgG in murine models

Background: Most of the patients develop food allergy early in life. The factors related to parental immune condition might be one of the conceivable causes. Methods: We reported murine models of food allergy and oral OVA tolerance. To investigate the influence of parental immune condition on infant food allergy, female and male mice with food allergy or oral tolerance were mated with each other. Results: Food allergy was suppressed by decreased IgE production in the offspring of mice with food allergy. On the contrary, anaphylaxis for OVA was induced in the offspring of mice with oral tolerance. The suppression of food allergy being dependent on a maternal factor was revealed in the offspring after cross-mating mice with food allergy and oral tolerance. Because OVA-specific IgG, presumed to be from the allergic mother, was detected in the serum of naïve infants from mothers allergic to food, we assumed that the suppression was dependent on a specific IgG. The serum IgG purified by a G-protein column was administered before OVA sensitization in the food allergy model, and OVA-specific IgE production was found to be diminished in the administered mice. However, OVA-specific monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2a administration could not suppress food allergy. Because we detected OVA-IgG immune complex in the serum of mothers allergic to food, it might be a cause of maternal immune suppression. Conclusions: We demonstrated that maternal specific IgG conjugated food antigen is an important factor related to the development of food allergy and acquiring tolerance. Keywords: Allergic diseases, Food allergy, Immunoglobulins, Oral tolerance, Ovalbumi