A role for the state in the digital age

Abstract Past and potential contributions of the state to innovation and the creation of the digital economy need to be understood now, more than ever. The state is under attack, and its role in innovation and technological transformation is being increasingly challenged and dismantled in many countries. This article takes an alternative view of state role in the digital age, one that is supported by historical evidence. The article examines the increasing demand for an entrepreneurial state and draws on lessons from pioneering countries. It shows the variety of roles and strategies that the state can play in creating the digital economy. These roles include nurturing a national digital transformation ecosystem and building an innovative and inclusive digital economy. These roles call for new state capabilities to fit with the demands of the digital age. This is a call for strategic learning and partnership, not for dirigisme and protectionism. The paper proposes an agenda for learning to master digital transformation and suggests that the appropriate role of the state must evolve in sync with a learning economy and society