China has paid more attention to improving urban and rural drinking water security in recent years. Ensuring the security of drinking water in urban and rural areas is a fundamental condition for protecting the basic interests of the public, and it is also an important aspect of building a moderately and all-sided prosperous society in China. Taking the Shanshan County in Turpan City of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an example, this study analyzed the countermeasures of ensuring drinking water security. Firstly, this paper discusses the status quo of drinking water security in Shanshan. In terms of urban drinking water, problems are shown as follows: (1) drinking water sources are polluted to varying degrees; (2) water treatment technologie...