Electric field levels and its evaluation from the view of public health: Samsun city center example

Objective: In parallel with technological developments, radio/TV transmitters, base stations, power lines, transformers, electrical household appliances and medical equipments have begun to take up more space in our daily lives, causing an increase in the electromagnetic fields (EMF) in our environments. Increasing demand for wireless systems has further led to more exposure to EMFs. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the potential health consequences of electromagnetic field exposure has become ever more crucial. Method: In this study, short term electric field strength (E) measurements were taken in the İlkadım, Canik and Atakum districts of Samsun province, at 152 different locations in the months of April, May and September in 2017. The measurements were taken using a PMM 8053 EMF meter. In order to determine the change in E levels within a day, a 24 hour long measurement was conducted at the location where the highest average electric field strength (Eavg) was recorded. Results: The evaluation of E measurement results showed that the highest maximum electric field strength (Emax) was 4.75 V/m, and Eavg was 3.35 V/m. The differences between all Emax and Eavg values recorded in the three districts were statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Emaxs recorded in Ilkadim district showed larger variability than the other districts. It was determined that at only 2% of the 152 measurement locations, Eavg levels were between 2V/m and 4V/m. The assessment of the 24 hour E measurements demonstrated that the highest E value was recorded between 12:00 and 17:59; when the base station was the most active. Furthermore, the mean E value measured during noon hours was 58% higher than the value measured during night hours. Conclusions: Although the recorded E levels were below the limits determined by the ICNIRP and ICTA; it can be considered as high for countries like Switzerland and Italy where lower limits are enforced. Therefore, regular monitoring of E level exposure and keeping E levels within safe limits is recommended in order to protect public health.