Synergetic Effects of Ferrite Content and Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of a 960 MPa Grade HSLA Steel

The synergetic effects of ferrite content and tempering temperature on the mechanical properties of a Q960E steel have been investigated in detail to obtain the optimal combination of strength, ductility, and toughness for ultrahigh strength steels. After quenching from different temperatures between 790 to 900 °C, the ferrite content in the microstructure containing martensite varies from 56 vol% to 0, and then the specimens were tempered at 180 °C and 450 °C, respectively. High ferrite content reduces both yield and tensile strengths based on the law of mixtures. The tensile strength decreases with the increase of tempering temperature, while the change of yield strength is affected by the ferrite content. When tempering at low temperature, specimens with various ferrite content show different strain hardening behaviors, and the ferrite improves the elongation but deteriorates the toughness with different fracture mechanisms due to the strength difference between ferrite and martensite. Tempering at high temperature increases the ferrite–martensite co-deformation, resulting in the same strain hardening behavior for all specimens and the ferrite is benefit for both elongation and impact properties with similar fracture mechanisms. Moreover, the single martensite with homogeneous microstructure is essential for better toughness