New results on the gravity monitoring (2014–2017) of Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershoffen geothermal sites (France)

Abstract This article presents the study of the mass redistribution associated with the geothermal energy exploitation of the Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershoffen plants by microgravity monitoring in the period 2014–2017. The two plants are located in the eastern part of France in the Rhine Graben. This rift is characterized by thermal anomalies. The Soultz-sous-Forêts enhanced geothermal system is a demonstration site producing 1.7 MWe thanks to three wells 5 km deep. The Rittershoffen geothermal plant is used to produce heat (24 MWth) with two wells of 2 km depth. The most recent production episodes at Soultz-sous-Forets and Rittershoffen began on 24 June 2016 and 19 May 2016, respectively. Each summer, since 2014 for the Soultz-sous-Forêts network and since 2015 for the Rittershoffen network, gravity measurements have been taken with a Scintrex CG5 gravimeter in order to calculate the gravity variation compared to a reference station and a reference time. The stability of the reference station at the Soultz-sous-Forêts plant was investigated by repeated absolute gravity measurements from the FG5#206. Gravity ties with the gravity observatory of Strasbourg were also performed to compensate for the absence of superconducting gravimeter at the in situ reference station. Precise leveling was undertaken simultaneously to each gravity survey showing that vertical ground displacement is lower than 1 cm; hence, this leads us to consider that the detected gravity changes are only due to Newtonian attraction. We do not detect any signal at the Rittershoffen network in the investigated period. After the beginning of production, we noticed a small differential signal at the Soultz-sous-Forêts network, which is spatially associated with the injection and production wells’ positions. Furthermore, the maximum gravity value appears in the same area as the induced seismicity related to the preferential paths of the geothermal fluid. However, a simple model based on a geothermal reservoir of cylindrical shape cannot explain the observations in terms of amplitude