A crise de legitimidade da governança climática global. Combinação de uma perspetiva marxista e polanyiana

This article frames recent problems of the RIO+20 summit, the failure of the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (COP15) and the problems of the carbon markets within a broader legitimacy crisis of global governance, consequence of the crisis of the global capitalist socio‑ecology. Two mechanisms give rise to the loss of legitimacy: unequal development and mercantilization, or the reconfiguration of the power balance and the destruction of social ties. As a consequence, both winners and losers contest the legitimacy of the institutions and mechanisms that govern global capitalism. In this article, we distinguish between the Marx‑type of contestation, referring to emerging classes/states, and the Polanyi‑type of contestation, referring to the victims of global mercantilization. In the case of climate governance, these winners and losers are represented by BRICS in climate negotiations and by the global environmental justice movement