Limits to Party Autonomy in International Commercial Arbitration

Abstract International contracts are often written in a standardised manner and without taking into consideration the applicable law. This may create the illusion that the contract is the only basis for the parties’ rights and obligations, especially when the contract contains an arbitration clause. Using two typical contract clauses as an illustration (force majeure clause and entire agreement clause), this article analyses the extent to which an international contract, even though it contains an arbitration clause, may be self-sufficient. The article further examines the degree to which transnational sources may provide a uniform regime, and highlights the role played by the applicable law and the various legal traditions