Assessment of Hematotoxicity and Genotoxicity among paint Workers in Assiut Governorate: a case control study

Abstract Background Occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals in paints cause serious health hazards in painters. The present study was designed to evaluate the possibility of hematotoxic and genotoxic effects of paint chemicals among painters in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. In addition the role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in mechanism of such toxic effects were studied. Methods A case control study was performed on 50 male painters and 50 non-exposed healthy subjects, who were included as a control group after informed consent. Venous blood samples were obtained and analyzed for determination of total and differential blood count as hematotoxic markers as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidant stress markers and total antioxidant enzymes. In addition, human B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were assayed as markers of apoptosis and genotoxicity. Results There was a statistically significant difference between paint workers and controls as regard total and differential blood count, serum MDA and total anti-oxidant levels. Also, statistical significant differences in caspase-3, Bcl-2 levels and 8-OHdG were observed. Conclusions Chronic occupational exposure to paints increased the risk of hematotoxicity and genotoxicity in painters. Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a major role in such mechanism. Periodic medical examination and application of protective devices is necessary