Identification of protein targets in cerebral endothelial cells for brain arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) molecular therapies

Abstract Background To develop a new molecular targeted treatment for brain (AVMs), identification of membrane proteins that are localised on the AVM endothelium is crucial. Current treatment methods are surgery and radiosurgery. However, complete occlusion post radiosurgery are achieved within 3 years, while patient remain at risk of haemorrhage. This study aims to identify potential protein targets in AVM endothelial cells that discriminate these vessels from normal vessels; these proteins targets will be investigated for the molecular therapy of brain AVMs to promote rapid thrombosis after radiosurgery. Methods We employed in vitro biotinylation that we developed, and mass spectrometry to detect cell surface-exposed proteins in cultures of murine cerebral endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Two forms of mass spectrometry were applied (iTRAQ-MS and MSE) to identify and quantify membrane protein expression at various time-points following irradiation which simulates a radiosurgical treatment approach. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the expression of selected membrane proteins. ProteinPilot V4.0 software was used to analyse the iTRAQ-MS data and the MSE data was analysed using ProteinLynx Global Server version 2.5 software. Results The proteomics data revealed several differentially expressed membrane proteins between irradiated and non-irradiated cells at specific time points, e.g. PECAM-1, cadherin-5, PDI, EPCR and integrins. Immunocytochemistry data confirmed the expression of these proteins. Conclusion Cell surface protein biotinylation and proteomics analysis successfully identified membrane proteins from murine brain endothelial cells in response to irradiation. This work suggests potential target protein molecules for evaluation in animal models of brain-AVM