ENERGY EFFICIENT RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES AND NETWORKING WIRELESS ACCESS NETWORK

LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is the first network protocol that uses hierarchical routing for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to increase the life time of network. Research on WSN has recently received much attention as they offer an advantage of monitoring various kinds of environment by sensing physical phenomenon, such as in-hospitable terrain, it is expected that suddenly active to gather the required data for some times when something is detected, and then remaining largely inactive for long periods of time. So, efficient energy saving schemes and corresponding algorithms must be developed and designed in order to provide reasonable energy consumption and to improve the network lifetime for WSN. WSN are networks consist of large number of tiny battery powered sensor nodes having limited on-board storage, processing, and radio capabilities. Nodes sense and send their reports toward a processing center which is called sink node or Base Station (BS). Since the transmission and reception process consumes lots of energy for data dispensation, it is necessary to designing protocols and applications for such networks has to be energy aware in order to prolong the lifetime of the network. The proposed, LEACH-PR (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy - Power Resourceful) protocol includes clustering, routing and radio propagation technique by balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes to improve the efficiency of data transmission and prolonging the network lifetime. The goals of this scheme are, increase the stability period of network, and minimize the energy consumption. The performance analysis of proposed LEACH-PR is compared with ILEACH (Improved LEACH), EHE-LEACH (Enhanced Heterogeneous LEACH), and EEM-LEACH (Energy Efficient Multihop LEACH) protocols and concluded that, the LEACH-PR has significant improvement over in terms of lifetime of network, both in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments