The Safety and Efficacy of Frame-Based Stereotactic Biopsy of Brain Lesion

Background Radiological imaging techniques provide early detection of neurological diseases, but they do not always provide an adequate diagnosis. With the help of stereotactic biopsy techniques, it is possible to access deep-brain lesions safely and with high precision, being crucial in the elaboration of therapeutic strategies and prevents unnecessary neurosurgical interventions. Aim To evaluate the safety, diagnostic yields, and associated mortality and morbidity of computed tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of all pathologically diagnosed intracranial biopsies, between 2010 and 2016 in Baghdad Neurosurgical Teaching Hospital, was conducted. Stereotactic biopsies were performed by using the Leksell stereotactic frame in 116 patients. Medical charts, radiological studies, and postoperative complications were reviewed, and then the information was analyzed. Results A total of 116 patients underwent stereotactic surgery procedures. Patients consisted of 66 females and 50 males, ages ranging from 7 to 74 years (mean 44.4 ± 19.35 years). General anesthesia was used in 88 patients. The rest were performed under local anesthesia. The overall diagnostic yield was 98.3%. Complications were observed in 8.6% of the cases, with morbidity 5.1% of the cases, and the overall mortality rate was 3.4%. These results are comparable to other reports. Other clinical, radiological, or histological variables were not associated with an increased risk of complications. Conclusion Our findings support that frame-based stereotactic biopsy is a relatively safe and valuable technique that allows the neurosurgeon to obtain tissue samples for histopathological diagnosis of most of the intracranial mass lesions