Assessment of radon/thoron exhalation rate in the soil samples of Amritsar and Tarn Taran district of Punjab state

In the present study, the radon mass and thoron surface exhalation rates have been measured in the soil samples collected from the villages of the Amritsar and Tarn Taran districts of Punjab using the active portable device, i.e., SMART RnDuo monitor to quantify the level of rate of radon and thoron exhalation. The average values of radon mass exhalation rate were 20 ± 7 mBq kg−1 h−1 and 23 ± 5 mBq kg−1 h−1 in Amritsar and Tarn Taran districts, respectively. Similarly, the average value of thoron surface exhalation rate was 664 ± 237 Bq m−2 h−1 and 1531 ± 1503 Bq m−2 h−1 in Amritsar and Tarn Taran districts, respectively