French urban policy is aimed at implementing a transversal understanding of urban problematics using a participative approach. In that sense its objectives are very much interconnected with those of sustainable development. We can therefore consider urban governance policies as strategies supposely focused on the sustainable development of deprived neighborhoods. Through this article, we intend to define what the sustainable development means at the scale of a neighborhood i.e. what are its objectives and how to implement it. We firstly analyse the participatory process in the French urban policy. Second, we engage our reflexion on the ecosystemic understanding of a sustainably developing neighbourhood