La place de la ville dans le discours des aménageurs du début des années 1920 à la fin des années 1960

The study of town and country planning policy in France allows us to draw two main axes about its emergence and political changes. Within the context of reconstruction in 1945, the M.R.U (“Ministère de la reconstruction et de l'urbanisme”) conceived the "town and country planning" as a goal derived from town planning methods : drawing up town planning plans in municipalities, damaged or not, on a national scale. This first point gives rise to questions about the 20's and the 30's and the years of Occupation. The investigation inside the D.G.E.N, administrative organization established by the Vichy government in 1941, reveals the magnitude of thoughts between 1941 and 1944, about "industrial decentralization" and "decongestion of urban centres" and the continuation of work inside administrative organizations established after the Liberation, stemmed from the division in the D.G.E.N, especially inside the M.R.U. The survey conducted in the 20's and the 30's allows the drawing of a map of social circles in which the idea of city planning started to develop on the scale of the whole territory. Between 1928 and 1939, the C.S.A.O.R.P expands its sphere of activity concerning "industrial decentralization", mainly to answer to the problem of "defective housing", but also as a strategic solution against the threat of air raids. The investigation inside the M.R.U between 1944 and 1950 and the identification of high-ranking officials demonstrates their stability between the 20's and the 50's, in the field of town planning. At the same time, the survey inside this group of civil servants reveals the existence of other social circles, who collaborate with them and take part in discussions : geographers and economists. Last but not least, the study about scientific social circles gives special attention to the debates concerning planning policy in Paris and its suburbs. The administrative and scientific role played by Jean-François Gravier instigates the birth of a discourse against the capital. The "second capital" and the connection established by the S.A.R.P in 1947 between planning in Paris and town and country planning policy induces an urban restoration policy where housing shortage plays a crucial role. Planning policy in Paris progressively removes town planners to replace them with civil engineers specialized in roads and bridges