Genres, généricité et processus de création littéraire dans un journal arabe du début du xxe siècle : al‑Šabāb de Maḥmūd Bayram al‑Tūnisī

Maḥmūd Bayram al‑Tūnisῑ (1893-1961), an Egyptian born author of Tunisian origin, was one of the prominent actors of the journalistic Nahḍa. He greatly contributed to the development of dialectal literature through his publications in the Egyptian and Tunisian press and he participated in the double movement of ’iḥyā’ and ’iqtibā’ by re-appropriating the maqāma genre and by the writing of short stories. During his second exile in Tunisia (1932-1937), Bayram founded, wrote and published the illustrated, satirical newspaper al‑Šabāb (The Youth, 1936-1937) almost by himself. Based on a selection of published literary texts, we will study the influence of the medium on the choice of certain genres like the maqāma and the “littérature d’utopie”. Thanks to an analysis of the intertextual and transgeneric dynamics in the corpus, we will demonstrate how new forms of discourse are built. We will also see that the interweaving of journalistic and literary writing creates a close bond between genres (old and modern) and the specifics of a social and engaged literature. Finally, we will show how the satiric approach of the newspaper is reflected in the parodistic re-appropriation in order to bring criticism to the literary tradition