The factor structure and factorial invariance of short form of smoking temptation for TTM framework in Iranian smoker population: Golestan Province

Purpose TTM pattern has widely been used in smoking cessation interventions. This study was aimed to investigate the compatibility of a hierarchical factor structure of short form questionnaire developed by Velicer et al regarding situational temptation construct among smokers in Golestan province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 387 smokers that were included using inconvenient sampling method. At first, internal validity and reliability of the short-form questionnaire were examined. At second, invariance of hierarchical structure was tested in sub-groups of ethnicity, residence, education, stage of quit, starting age, and income. Measurement invariance (including five invariances) and structural invariance (including three invariances) were explored in each sub-group. Results Chi-square test for confirmatory factor analysis of hierarchical factor structure was statistically significant for all samples [χ^2 (24)=66.3,p