Racial and ethnic differences in depression: current perspectives

Rahn Kennedy Bailey, Josephine Mokonogho, Alok Kumar Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent disorders in the US that often goes underdiagnosed and untreated. The burden of disability among those untreated is heaviest among untreated minority populations. Recent studies show that among African Americans, those with socioeconomic stress are less likely to report psychological symptoms or remain compliant with initiated treatment. While minority populations are less likely to suffer from acute episodes of MDD than Caucasians, they are more likely to suffer from prolonged, chronic, and severely debilitating depression with heavy consequences on their level of daily functioning. Part of the problem of underdiagnoses lies with the provider. Many providers today are unable to notice subtleties in presentation or recognize uncommon presentation of disease. This paper focuses on discrepancies in the presentation of depression among minorities when compared to Caucasians as well as factors that serve as boundaries for successful treatment. Keywords: minorities, depression, African American, chronic, disparities, ethni