In this thesis we developed two approaches to study positive selection and genetic adaptation in the human genome. Both approaches are based on applications of network theory. In the first approach, we studied how the signals of selection are distributed among the genes of a metabolic pathway. We use a network representation of the Asparagine N-Glycosylation pathway, and determine if given positions are more likely to be involved in selection events. We determined a different distribution of signals between the upstream part of this pathway, which has a linear structure and is involved in a conserved process, and the downstream part of the pathway, which has a complex network structure and is involved in adaptation to the environme...