Abstract This paper discusses the reasons behind the need for the transformation of the Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Antasari into a State Islamic University (UIN). By analyzing the history of education in Indonesia in terms of tensions between Western (general) education and Islamic education, the paper argues that the transformation is a historical necessity. The transformation should be directed (1) to integrate general knowledge and Islamic knowledge in the university education system; (2) to respond to the social changes in contemporary society, especially the high variety of job markets, which demand professionalism; (3) to be the source of moral and spiritual guidance for society, and (4) to open much more opportunity for...