Institutional approach contributes significantly to the contemporary science of economy. It brings new ideas regarding fundamental aspects of the role of this science in society in general and its position in social process of taking economic decisions in particular. An important part of this field is everything that can be related to labor market and unemployment.The main target of this dissertation is therefore determining the nature as well as causes and effects of so called institutional unemployment. This phenomenon will be analyzed based on the main thesis and assumptions of institutional theory in the science of economics.</p