This special issue of the Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management presents some of the best papers of the ICPR Americas 2006. The third edition of the American International Conference on Production Research (ICPR) was held in Curitiba, Brazil, from July 30th thru August 2nd, 2006, and was organized by the Brazilian Association of Production Engineering (ABEPRO), and the Industrial & Systems Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEPS) of the Pontifi cal Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR). It was an offi cial Conference of the International Foundation for Production Research (IFPR). There were about 200 papers submitted from Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, England, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Portug...