The calibration of the sprayers and the factors involved in coverage uniformity in the vineyard

The phytopathological condition of the vineyard and the reduction in the use of crop protection products are closely linked to the efficiency of the use of sprayers. The objective of the work was to identify the best operative conditions to improve the canopy coverage of the spraying. From 2012 to 2017 173 field trials were carried out in 40 farms, on 24 varieties, testing 72 different sprayers in North Eastern Italy. Water-sensitive papers of 2.5 × 2.5 cm were positioned in eight points in the vine canopy according to a standardized method, and they were examined after spraying for spray deposition. In general, results showed that coverage of the lower leaf surface was very poor. On the contrary, the upper section of leaves in the outer canopy layers have received excessive spraying, over 70% coverage in 25% of cases. The coverage uniformity was improved by using driving speeds lower than 6 km / h and using upward air flow direction