Ecological and legal regulation of geological survey, exploration and extraction of minerals during construction

Within the study, the authors of the present article analyzed the acts of both Russian and foreign legislation in the field of legal regulation of geological survey, exploration and mining in terms of construction. Specific legal regulation regarding mineral resources is standing apart due to growing demand of the world economy in such strategic types of mineral raw materials as rare and rare-earth metals or hydrocarbon reserves that are difficult to recover. The article describes the characteristics of certain provisions of the legislation of foreign countries that regulate relations in geological study, exploration and mining, including those within the construction process. The authors classified the forms of conferring rights for geological survey, exploration and mining of minerals, as well as the types of project documentation in the field of mining for the extraction of minerals during construction. Two models of legal regulation of geological survey and exploration (that are defined as eastern and western models) are studied. The authors revealed that minerals appear as the main object of legal relations or as belonging to a certain land plot (subsoil plot) in mining and urban planning legislation of different countries