Toxinotype V Clostridium difficile in Humans and Food Animals
- Michael A. Jhung
- Angela D. Thompson
- George E. Killgore
- Walter E. Zukowski
- Glenn Songer
- Michael Warny
- Stuart Johnson
- Dale N. Gerding
- L. Clifford McDonald
- Brandi M. Limbago
DOIAbstract
Clostridium difficile is a recognized pathogen in neonatal pigs and may contribute to enteritis in calves. Toxinotype V strains have been rare causes of human C. difficile–associated disease (CDAD). We examined toxinotype V in human disease, the genetic relationship of animal and human toxinotype V strains, and in vitro toxin production of these strains. From 2001 through 2006, 8 (1.3%) of 620 patient isolates were identified as toxinotype V; before 2001, 7 (<0.02%) of ≈6,000 isolates were identified as toxinotype V. Six (46.2%) of 13 case-patients for whom information was available had community-associated CDAD. Molecular characterization showed a high degree of similarity between human and animal toxinotype V isolates; all contained a 39-...
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