APLIKASI MARKA SSR PADA KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.) DI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG, SUMATRA UTARA

Abstrak Kabupaten Deli Serdang merupakan salah satu kontributor untuk produksi durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Provinsi Sumatra Utara. Durian Deli Serdang memiliki varietas yang banyak dikenal di pasar buah domestik, diantaranya; Bintana, Ginting, dan Sikapal. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis keanekaragaman genetik pada durian asal Deli Serdang untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman genetik dan hubungan antar aksesi dengan menggunakan 6 lokus Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 9 aksesi durian yang dikoleksi dari Kabupaten Deli Serdang berhasil diamplifikasi dan bersifat polimorfik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil visualisasi lokus SSR yang menghasilkan 23 fragmen DNA berukuran 72-255 bp yang didapat melalui bantuan piranti lunak GeneMarker V2.6.7. Hasil penelitian juga menampilkan konstruksi dendogram yang menunjukkan kemiripan antar aksesi durian Deli Serdang yang didapat melalui bantuan perangkat lunak NTSYSpc V2.0.2. Susunan antar aksesi pada pohon dendogram terlihat menyerupai pohon filogenetik, aksesi terpisah dan menyebar pada koefisien 0,54-0,95 yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh sebaran geografis. Data ini dapat menjadi dasar penelitian budidaya dan konservasi buah durian di Indonesia khususnya di Sumatra Utara. Abstract Deli Serdang is one of the contributors of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) production in North Sumatra Province. The varieties of Durian in Deli Serdang have widely known in the domestic market, such as Bintana, Ginting, and Sikapal. In this study, genetic diversity analysis on durian origin of Deli Serdang was conducted to obtain information on genetic diversity and relationship among accessions by using 6 loci of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). The results showed that 9 accessions of durians collected from Deli Serdang were successfully amplified and polymorphic. It was confirmed by visualization of the SSR loci that resulted in 23 DNA fragments with 72-255 bp in size and was obtained by using GeneMarker V2.6.7 software. The research also resulted in a constructed dendrogram that showed similarities among accessions of the durian in Deli Serdang and was obtained by using NTSYSpc V2.0.2. The arrangement among accessions on the dendrogram was similar to the phylogenetic tree; the accessions looked separated and spread at 0.54-0.95 in coefficient which was not affected by geographical distribution. The results of this study are expected as the information and the basis for durian conservation and cultivation activities in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v11i1. 566