Diagnosis of prostate cancer

Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and adequate staging play a fundamental role for clinical and patient care. Despite major advances in biology and imaging, rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test remain the cornerstone for screening, and multiparametricmagnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for local staging. Recent advances in mpMRI lead to standardised interpretation and increased prescription by clinicians in order to improve detection of clinically significant PCa and select patients requiring targeted biopsies. However its indication remains controversial in biopsy-naïve patients. Nuclear medicine is also in a continuous evolution and utilisation of new radiopharmaceutical agent like choline or 68gallium with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging has led to the improvement in the detection of lymph nodes, distant metastases and prostate recurrence. Considering this very heterogneneous disease, combined utilisation of these tools will help clinicians and patients in choosing the most appropriate and personalised treatment. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Staging, Prostate-specific antigen, Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, Marker