The aim of the paper is to present direct democracy institutions provided for in the constitutions of authoritarian states in pre-war Europe, or applied in practice by authoritarian states. Such institutions were included in the constitutions created by authoritarian governments in Lithuania (1928), Austria (1934) and Estonia (1937) or used in practice: in Portugal (1933), Greece (1935), Estonia (1936) and Romania (1938). Two authoritarian states included in their constitutions provisions on opinion–giving and law–giving referenda. These were Austria (1934) and Estonia (1937). However, these provisions had never been applied in practice. Seeking the genesis of the phenomenon described in the paper, it is necessary to go back to the start of...
The reunification of Germany in 1990 revealed a clear difference between the two parts of the count...
In the year 1777 in Europe (Switzerland and France) a few important public competitions on projects ...
In comparison to the remaining parties taking place in western occupational zones, Sociodemocratic ...
The main task of the text is a comparative presentation of the legal methods for the petrification o...
The history of the Weimar Republic begun in last months of World War I. After war the new constituti...
This work is a synthetic presentation of authoritarian and pro-fascist tendencies appearing in the ...
In January 1919, the Legislative Sejm held elections, whose main task was to prepare and adopt the C...
The author has analysed the following issues: Polish referenda traditions in the twentieth century, ...
Each national parliament of the EU -28 has put in place scrutiny procedures to reinforce democratic ...
The author of the present article focuses on the specific issue of the first modern constitutions of...
The Constitution of the German Reich from 11th August 1919 introduced new democratic standards which...
The article presents the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic from 1958 by showing fundamental ...
The countries of Central Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) relatively quickly h...
For the French communists and socialists of the 19th century, brochures were the most important mean...
The reunification of Germany in 1990 revealed a clear difference between the two parts of the count...
In the year 1777 in Europe (Switzerland and France) a few important public competitions on projects ...
In comparison to the remaining parties taking place in western occupational zones, Sociodemocratic ...
The main task of the text is a comparative presentation of the legal methods for the petrification o...
The history of the Weimar Republic begun in last months of World War I. After war the new constituti...
This work is a synthetic presentation of authoritarian and pro-fascist tendencies appearing in the ...
In January 1919, the Legislative Sejm held elections, whose main task was to prepare and adopt the C...
The author has analysed the following issues: Polish referenda traditions in the twentieth century, ...
Each national parliament of the EU -28 has put in place scrutiny procedures to reinforce democratic ...
The author of the present article focuses on the specific issue of the first modern constitutions of...
The Constitution of the German Reich from 11th August 1919 introduced new democratic standards which...
The article presents the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic from 1958 by showing fundamental ...
The countries of Central Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) relatively quickly h...
For the French communists and socialists of the 19th century, brochures were the most important mean...
The reunification of Germany in 1990 revealed a clear difference between the two parts of the count...
In the year 1777 in Europe (Switzerland and France) a few important public competitions on projects ...
In comparison to the remaining parties taking place in western occupational zones, Sociodemocratic ...