This study aimed to reveal potential roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in apoptosis and autophagy of astrocytes induced by methamphetamine (METH). A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine the reduction in proliferation of U-118 MG cells induced by METH. Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry were used to observe the astrocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation levels. METH inhibited the proliferation of U-118 MG cells and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that the ratio of LC3-II/I was increased, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. The phosphorylation ...
Copyright © 2012 Prashanth Chandramani Shivalingappa et al. This is an open access article distribut...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor with a high morta...
Autophagic (type II) cell death, characterized by the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in...
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide, and it represents a threat for public health. METH expos...
Methamphetamine (METH), a commonly used controlled substance, is known to exacerbate neuropathologic...
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide and it represents a threaten for public health. METH expo...
Methamphetamine abuse is toxic to dopaminergic neurons, causing nigrostriatal denervation and striat...
Methamphetamine (METH), an extremely and widely abused illicit drug, can cause serious nervous syste...
Background: It is well known that methamphetamine (METH) is neurotoxic and recent studies have sugge...
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which lead...
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which lead...
We investigated whether the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) has a cytotoxic effect on oligode...
Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused drug that may result in neurotoxic e...
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent psychostimulant with a high addictive capacity, which induces many ...
methamphetamine-induced activation and migration of astrocytes Yuan Zhang1†, Tiebing Zhu2†, Xiaotian...
Copyright © 2012 Prashanth Chandramani Shivalingappa et al. This is an open access article distribut...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor with a high morta...
Autophagic (type II) cell death, characterized by the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in...
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide, and it represents a threat for public health. METH expos...
Methamphetamine (METH), a commonly used controlled substance, is known to exacerbate neuropathologic...
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide and it represents a threaten for public health. METH expo...
Methamphetamine abuse is toxic to dopaminergic neurons, causing nigrostriatal denervation and striat...
Methamphetamine (METH), an extremely and widely abused illicit drug, can cause serious nervous syste...
Background: It is well known that methamphetamine (METH) is neurotoxic and recent studies have sugge...
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which lead...
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which lead...
We investigated whether the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) has a cytotoxic effect on oligode...
Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused drug that may result in neurotoxic e...
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent psychostimulant with a high addictive capacity, which induces many ...
methamphetamine-induced activation and migration of astrocytes Yuan Zhang1†, Tiebing Zhu2†, Xiaotian...
Copyright © 2012 Prashanth Chandramani Shivalingappa et al. This is an open access article distribut...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor with a high morta...
Autophagic (type II) cell death, characterized by the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in...