Analysis of Metabolites in Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Dry Red Wines from Shanxi by 1H NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis

Metabolomics technology based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis was used to characterize the Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz dry red wines vinified in the Linfen of Shanxi Province, China, in 2016. The results showed that there was a very significant difference between the metabolites of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz dry red wines from the area of Linfen. Compared with Shiraz dry red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wines contained higher levels of proline, valine, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, gallic acid, β-glucose and ethyl acetate, whereas 2,3-butanediol, lactic acid, choline, glycerol, α-D-glucuronic acid, succinic acid and alanine were present in lower levels. Application of NMR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis showed the discriminative power between wine varietals from the same production area. The loading plot from partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLs-DA) indicated that the key biomarkers for this differentiation were proline, tartaric acid, glycerol, lactic acid, choline, succinic acid and gallic acid, which was consistent with the result of quantitative analysis