Lycopodiaceae in Brazil. Conspectus of the family I. The genera Lycopodium, Austrolycopodium, Diphasium, and Diphasiastrum

A conspectus of the Lycopodiaceae in Brazil is presented, following a generic classification based on anatomy, chromosome numbers, spores and gametophytes, as well as recent molecular studies. The species of Lycopodiaceae occurring in Brazil, traditionally treated conservatively, were grouped in three genera: Lycopodium, Lycopodiella, and Huperzia. Within each genus, the diversity (treated under various subgenera, sections, and subsections) has been discussed. In our new approach, these three genera are treated as subfamilies Lycopodiodeae (four genera in Brazil), Lycopodielloideae (three genera in Brazil), and Huperzioideae (two genera in Brazil). Branching patterns and morphological diversity of vegetative leaves and sporophylls, as well as morphology of sporangia and spores in the different groups, are discussed in a brief review. We provide keys to identification of subfamilies and genera represented in Brazil. The species of Lycopodioideae, genera Lycopodium (s.str.), Austrolycopodium, Diphasium, and Diphasiastrum (one species in the first three genera, two in Diphasiastrum - one of them new) are treated in detail, with descriptions, illustrations (or references to illustrations), and comments on habitat and distribution