Can Foot Exercises Alter Foot Posture, Strength, and Walking Foot Pressure Patterns in People with Severe Flat Foot?

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports Introduction/Purpose: Muscle training muscle control for barefoot running (i.e. doming seated[DS] and standing[DSt]) and post foot and ankle injury (i.e. seated plantar flexion and inversion[SPFI]) are common. Although studies demonstrated improvement in foot posture (validated foot posture index [FPI]) immediately following a 4-week exercise program this was not assessed in people with flatfoot. Also, more rigorous assessment of foot function is lacking (i.e. foot posture, strength, and plantar pressure during walking). There is clearly a need for more rigorous clinical data on the effect of foot exercises. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the immediate effect of a 4-week exercise program on a comprehensive assessment of foot function to evaluate the potential for a more rigorous clinical trial. Methods: Eighteen individuals, 8 with a severe flatfoot (SFF), measured by FPI (> 6/12, average=8.4±0.7), age=27.8±6.9, 7 females and 1 male) and 9 age/gender matched controls (AMC) with a normal foot (FPI=0-5, average=2.2±2.0) participated. The SFF group completed 3 foot exercises (DS, DSt, SPFI) 5 days/week twice daily. The SFF group were assessed before and after 4 weeks of exercise (called weekly for exercise progression). The control participants were tested once. Testing sessions included plantar pressure during a controlled walking cadence (110 bpm) (average of 5 steps over 40 feet). Masks were applied (medial/lateral toes and forefoot, heal, midfoot) and specific variables calculated (peak pressure, percent mean pressure) during stance phase. Clinical tests included heel rise repetitions, navicular drop, and paper pull test (peak force). T-tests were used to assess the effects of pre to post in the SFF group and between the SFF group and AMC pre and post exercise. Results: Two clinical tests significantly improved from pre to post in the SFF group (heel rises increased on right = 6.1± 3.7, p<0,01, left = 7.9± 6.1, p