Testing the Wave-Particle Duality of Gravitational Wave Using the Spin-Orbital-Hall Effect of Structured Light

Probing the polarization of gravitational waves (GWs) would provide an evidence of graviton, indicating the quantization of gravity. Motivated by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors, we make an attempt to study the possible helicity coupling of structured lights to GWs. With the analogue between of gravitational fields and the generic electromagnetic media, we present a 4-vector optical Dirac equation based on the Maxwell theory under the paraxial approximation. It is found that twisted lights propagating in a gravitational field can be viewed as a non-Hermitian system with the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. We further demonstrate that the coupling effect between angular momentums of the GWs and twisted lights may make photons undergo both dipole and quadrupole transitions between different orbital-angular-momentum(OAM) eigenstates and leads to some measurable optical features, including the central intensity brightening and macroscopic rotation of the intensity pattern for twisted lights. The former is spin-independent while the later is spin dependent phenomena, both of which can be viewed alternatively as the spin-orbital-Hall effect of structured lights in the GWs and can serve as an indicator of the particle nature of GWs.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, totally revised version with the new title, method (based on the developed optical Dirac equation), figures, expanded results and perspective