Economic aspects of optimization of daily ration for dairy cows

V okviru magistrske naloge smo s kombiniranjem linearnega programiranja in tehtanega ciljnega programiranja, nadgrajenega s kazensko funkcijo, izračunali krmne obroke za krave molznice v različnih stopnjah laktacije in brejosti. Cilj naloge je bil na sorazmerno enostaven način izračunati uravnotežene krmne obroke, ki so cenovno-stroškovno najbolj ugodni glede na razpoložljive proizvodne vire konkretnega kmetijskega gospodarstva. Dodatno smo analizirali tudi stroškovni vidik krmnega obroka v skupnih stroških reje krav molznic na konkretnem kmetijskem gospodarstvu. Pri tem smo izračunali štiri krmne obroke, ki jih krava molznica zaužije tekom enega leta. Obroke smo prilagodili potrebam krave molznice glede na stadij laktacije in brejosti. Strošek vsakega obroka smo pomnožili s številom dni, ko ga je krava molznica zauživala. Vsota le teh je skupni strošek krmnih obrokov, ki nastanejo v enem letu, pri reji krave molznice. Ugotovili smo, da strošek krme na konkretnem kmetijskem gospodarstvu predstavlja 45 % skupnih stroškov, ki nastanejo pri prireji mleka. Analiza praga pokritja je pokazala, da pri prireji 8.000 kg mleka na leto dano kmetijsko gospodarstvo doseže prag pokritja pri ceni mleka 0,30 €/kg. Ta se lahko zniža že samo na račun manjših stroškov krme, če dosegamo boljše reprodukcijske parametre. Dodatno pa se zniža za slabe tri cente če upoštevamo pripadajoča neposredna plačila.Within the master\u27s thesis, combining linear programming and weighted-goal programming with a penalty function, we calculated rations for dairy cows at different stages of lactation and pregnancy. The objective of the task was to calculate, in a relatively easy way, balanced rations which are the most cost-effective in terms of the available production resources of the particular agriculture holding. In addition, we analyzed the cost aspects of the rations in the total cost of a rearing cows in a particular dairy farm. In this case, we calculated four rations consumed by the dairy cow for one year. We adjusted the meals to the needs of the dairy cow according to the stage of lactation and pregnancy. The cost of each ration was multiplied by the number of days the dairy cow eat it. The sum of these is the total cost of rations that are incurred in one year in the case of breeding dairy cow. We found that the cost of feeding on a particular agriculture holding represents 45 % of the total costs incurred in milk production. The analysis of the economic aspect of the covering showed that when produce 8.000 kg of milk per year, for analysed dairy farm reaches a coverage at the price of milk of 0,30 €/kg. However in case of achieving better reproductive parameters also feeding cost decrease. It is additionally reduced by less than three cents if the associated direct payments are taken into account