FIGURE 4. Spines from A in A new species of Lissocidaris (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Cidaridae) from the Philippines: convergent evolution among smooth-spined cidaroids

FIGURE 4. Spines from A, holotype of L. xanthe, B, holotype of L. fusca, C, holotype of Calocidaris micans and D, Compsocidaris pyrsacantha (S. E. Coppard private collection): i – iii, aboral interambulacral primary spines (i, surface midway; ii, surface at tip; iii, neck and collar); iv, miliary spines; v, secondary aboral spines; vi, primary ambulacral spines; vii, whole ambital interambulacral primary spines; viii & ix, scrobicular spines (viii, dorsal view; ix, side view); x, adapical interambulacral spines; xi, peristomal spines; xii, oral interambulacral primary spines