Elucidating the Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Arsenic Uptake and Speciation in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) in a Hydroponic System

The accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice grains depends greatly on the redox chemistry in rice rhizosphere. Intentional or accidental introduction of strong oxidizing or reducing agents, such as metallic engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the plant–soil ecosystem, can change As speciation and plant uptake. However, investigation on the effects of ENPs on plant uptake of co-occurring redox sensitive heavy metals and their speciation in plant tissues is scarce. We investigated the mutual effects of two commonly encountered ENPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and two inorganic species of As on their uptake and accumulation in rice seedlings in a hydroponic system. Rice seedlings were exposed to different combinations of 1 mg/L of As­(III) or As­(V) and 100 mg/L of CeO2 NPs and ZnO NPs for 6 days about 40 days after germination. ZnO NPs significantly reduced the accumulation of As­(III) in rice roots by 88.1 and 96.7% and in rice shoots by 71.4 and 77.4% when the initial As was supplied as As­(III) and As­(V), respectively. ZnO NPs also reduced As­(V) in rice roots by 68.3 and 52.3% when the As was provided as As­(III) and As­(V), respectively. However, the As­(V) in rice shoots was unaffected by ZnO NPs regardless of the initial oxidation state of As. Neither the total As nor the individual species of As in rice tissues was significantly changed by CeO2 NPs. The co-presence of As­(III) and As­(V) increased Ce in rice shoots by 6.5 and 2.3 times but did not affect plant uptake of Zn. The results confirmed the active interactions between ENPs and coexisting inorganic As species, and the extent of their interactions depends on the properties of ENPs as well as the initial oxidation state of As