Tramadol-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in rats: Role of Curcumin and Gallic acid as antioxidants - Fig 2

A and B are photomicrograph of livers of control rats (H&E 200 & 100.); (c) Photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol-treated group after single dose revealing mild vacuolar degeneration of hepatic cells (pink arrow) (H&E 200). Fig 2D is the Photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol-treated group after single dose revealing mild vacuolar degeneration of hepatic cells (pink arrow) (H&E 200). Fig 2E is the Photomicrograph of liver sections of tramadol + Curcumin group showed mild sinusoidal dilation after single dose treatments (yellow arrow) (H&E 200). Fig 2F is the Photomicrograph of liver sections of tramadol + Curcumin group showed dilation hepatic blood vessels (star) and vacuolar degeneration of hepatic cells (black arrow) after repeated dose treatments (H&E 400). Fig 2G is the photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol + Gallic acid treated- group showing cloudy swelling of the hepatic cells (black arrow) after single dose treatments (.H&E 200). Fig 2H is the Photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol + Gallic acid treated- group showed mild vacuolar degeneration of hepatic cells (yellow arrow) and Kupffer cell hyperplasia (black arrow) after single and repeated dose treatments (H&E 200). Fig 2I is the photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol + Curcumin + Gallic acid treated-group showed mild vacuolar degeneration of hepatic cells (pink arrow) after single dose treatments. (H&E 200). Fig 2J is the photomicrograph of liver section of tramadol + Curcumin + Gallic acid treated-group showed moderate vacuolar degeneration (yellow arrow) and congestion of hepatic blood vessels after repeated dose treatments. (H&E200).