Ultrametric tree showing phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of <i>Theropithecus</i> and <i>Papio</i> mtDNA lineages.

Tip labels refer to gelada and baboon haplotypes (see S1 Table). The five major gelada haplogroups (clades) and their geographic origin are indicated by colour (orange = southern, green = northern, and yellow = central; see also Fig 1). Outgroup baboon haplogroups are labelled according to [70,71]. Node labels refer to ML BS and Bayesian PP support values (black circles: BS > 98%; PP > 0.98). The time scale below the tree indicates million years ago. Haplogroup designation and geographic origin of gelada samples coincide with only one exception: one sample found in the Simien Mountains (northern population) had a mtDNA haplotype which was identical to haplotype 60 belonging to the central-1 clade.