Representative renal images of TUNEL assay.

Tubular apoptosis was extensive in untreated ischemic rats (brown, ISCHEMIA/SALINE), while it was nearly undetectable in control rats (SHAM). Treatment with either renal cells (ISCHEMIA/CELLS) or their exosomes (ISCHEMIA/EXO) prevented detectable post-ischemia apoptosis. The bar diagram summarizes this analysis: (*), significantly different than sham rat group (SHAM), p < 0.05. (§), significantly different than untreated ischemia group (SALINE), p < 0.05. (¶), significantly different than exosome infused group (huEXO), p < 0.05 (n = 16 measurements for SHAM, group; 32 measurements for untreated ischemia, SALINE, group, 16 measurements for cell treated ischemia group, huCells, and 20 measurements for exosome treated group, huEXO).