Additional file 2: of T-cell costimulation blockade is effective in experimental digestive and lung tissue fibrosis

Abatacept alleviates gut involvement in experimental cGvHD. Representative images of inflammatory cell infiltration in lesional colon sections assessed by immunohistochemistry for CD45 (A). Increased submucosal CD45+ cell infiltration was detected in IgG1-treated cGvHD mice (A and B). CD45+ cell infiltration was markedly reduced in allogeneic cGvHD mice receiving abatacept (A and B). Representative images of cell death evaluation in lesional colon sections assessed by immunohistochemistry for Annexin-V (C). Cell death was prominent in IgG1-treated allogeneic cGvHD mice and was markedly reduced upon treatment with abatacept (C and D). A total of 32 mice were used (12 allogeneic control IgG1-treated mice, 12 abatacept 1 mg/mL-treated mice, and 8 control syngeneic BALB/c mice). Values are the median ± IQR. Statistics are from post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. ALLO allogeneic, cGvHD chronic graft-versus-host disease, SYN syngeneic. (TIFF 6830 kb