Relative expression levels of genes involved in betacyanin biosynthesis in two strains of red-tube spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>) grown in sucrose-added solution.

The fold-change values are relative to control samples with no addition of sucrose (expression level = 1). Error bars indicate the standard errors from three independent experiments. The statistical significance of differences between the sucrose-added samples and the control samples was determined by Student’s t-test (* p Fig 1B), tyrosinase gene; 4,5-DOPA (enzyme B in Fig 1B), 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase gene; 5GT (enzyme D in Fig 1B), 5-glucoside transferase gene; cDOPA (enzyme C in Fig 1B), cyclo-DOPA gene; MYB, MYB (myeloblastosis protein) family protein gene; Akari, Sosei salad akari; Minster, Banchu akakuki minster.