Representation of combined results of MWAS and pathway enrichment of both Exposure and ΔBiomarkers.

Significant predictors or enriched pathways (p < 0.05 or s < 0.10) are explicitly named. Particulate metal exposures were the exclusive in-vehicle, traffic related pollutants associated with changes in 110 features of the plasma metabolome. Few significant features overlapped between Exposure-associated and ΔBiomarkers-associated features. Leukotriene metabolism was enriched from Al-associated features and ΔIL-6-associated features.