Different MVIIA doses effect on locomotor activity, glutamate release, mitochondrial viability, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation after spinal cord injury in Wistar rats.

Graphic representation of the results obtained for the rats subjected to dorsal laminectomy (SHAM rats, negative control) or to spinal cord injury (SCI) and subsequent injection of PBS (placebo, PLA rats) or MVIIA (MVIIA 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM rats) 4 h after the trauma. a) Plot of the BBB scale score (mean ± standard deviation) of deambulation in open field 24 h after surgery. The trauma groups did not differ significantly (Kruskal-Walis test, p 0.05). c) Quantification of mitochondrial viability 48 h after surgery shows cell preservation in SHAM, 5 and 10 μM MVIIA in relation to PLA (100) (Student-Newman-Keuls test; PLA vs SHAM, 100% vs 223.61% ± 28.24, p < 0.01; PLA vs 5 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 183.86% ± 59.13, p < 0.05; PLA vs 10 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 180.70% ± 68.20, p < 0.05). d) The analysis of cell death 48 h after the trauma revealed significant reduction in SHAM and 10 μM MVIIA in relation to PLA (Student-Newman-Keuls test; PLA vs SHAM, 100% vs 29.46% ± 2.99, p < 0.01; PLA vs 10 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 77.43% ± 3.62, p < 0.05). e) ROS formation in SHAM, 5, 10, and 20 μM MVIIA differed from PLA rats (Student-Newman-Keuls test; PLA vs SHAM, 100% vs 59.05% ± 27.9, p < 0.05; PLA vs 5 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 16.43% ± 5.75, p < 0.01; PLA vs 10 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 22.34% ± 9.8, p < 0.01; PLA vs 20 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 16.43% ± 5.75, p < 0.01). f) The analysis of lipid peroxidation 48 h after the trauma revealed significant reduction in SHAM and 10 μM MVIIA in relation to PLA (Student-Newman-Keuls test; PLA vs SHAM, 100% vs 33.59% ± 9.14, p < 0.01; PLA vs 10 μM MVIIA, 100% vs 42.69% ± 12.38, p < 0.01). The data were normalized in relation to PLA (100). Different lowercases express statistical difference.