<i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> biofilms secrete unique EVs.

(a) A SEM of EV-like structures on the surface of C. albicans growing in a biofilm. Scale bar indicates 0.6 μm. (b) A SEM of EV-like structures within deposits of the extracellular matrix in biofilms. Scale bar indicates 0.5 μm. (c) A cryoTEM of Candida biofilm-derived EVs are surrounded by a 7-nm-thick lipid bilayer. Scale bar indicates 100 nm. (d) Quantitative analysis of EVs in C. albicans biofilms measured at various culture growth time points using imaging flow cytometry. Biofilm cell number was quantified by dry weight. The measurements were done in triplicate. (e) Size distribution of C. albicans planktonic EVs evaluated by dynamic light scattering. (f) Size distribution of C. albicans biofilm EVs evaluated by dynamic light scattering. Underlying data can be found in S1 Data. EV, extracellular vesicle; SEM, scanning electron micrograph.