Demographic and clinical characterization of human visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil between 2006 and 2015

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) primarily occurs in regions that present socioeconomic, health, and environmental vulnerability. In Pernambuco, Brazil, this neglected zoonosis has expanded in magnitude as well as geographically, and efforts to manage HVL have been insufficient to contain its spread. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of human illness due to HVL during 2006 to 2015 in Pernambuco State. METHODS: This study was conducted using secondary data collected from the Health Information System. RESULTS: During the study period, Pernambuco accounted for 2.4% of HVL cases in Brazil, with 49.6% of these concentrated in the macroregions of São Francisco Valley and Araripe. The percentage of municipalities that reported cases at the beginning of the study period increased from 21.1% (n = 39) to 43.8% (n = 81) by the end of the period. Cases were found predominantly among males, brown-skinned individuals, children aged 1-4 years, and individuals with incomplete 1st to 4th grade education. Coinfection with HIV was present in 5.6% of cases. Incidence was 9.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and lethality was 12.3%. CONCLUSIONS: HVL has shown worrying expansion and evolution, in addition to high lethality, in Pernambuco. The only study of its kind in the past decade, it was evident from this study that despite efforts to contain this disease, HVL in Pernambuco exhibits patterns similar to those described in previous studies. Based on our results, we suggest reassessing the current prevention and control measures in the state.