Example trial from Experiment 1.

From the participants’ perspective, each trial began with the “alertness” signal of the white circle for 800ms. The verb was then presented for 800ms; this was then followed by 4700ms of blank screen, for a total of 6300ms. The participant spoke the prefix+verb utterance when the verb was presented. One TMS pulse would fire during each trial. Within this design, there were nine possible TMS pulse timings– 400ms, 500ms, 800ms, 960ms, 1040ms, 1120ms, 1200ms, 1280ms and 1360ms (each represented by the stimulation symbol)–as well as a null pulse condition.