<i>3</i>,<i>5-DMAP</i> caused both activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

(A) The expression of apoptotic marker proteins p53, Bax, Bad and cytochrome c, and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting. α–tubulin was used as the internal control. (B) Quantification of p53, Bax, Bad and cytochrome c and Bcl-2 as the relative change of the control. (C) Cell cycle analysis. The values represent the number of cells at various phases of cell cycle as a likely percentage of total cells. (D) Quantification analysis of G1, S, and G2/M cell cycle from flow cytometry. Cell cycle percentages were derived from flow cytometric analysis of total cell number in each group.